Continuous or Discontinuous Constituents ?
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چکیده
During the last years, several grammarians have argued for linguistic descriptions of language that use the con-has shown that in the worst case 2 n constituents can be built for an input string of length n if discontinuous constituents are allowed. As Carroll (1994) has demonstrated, such theoretical values are not of much help when it comes to practical systems. In the following I will compare two grammars for Ger-man: one that assumes continuous constituents and one that allows for discontinuous constituents. I will show different ways to account for the German data and I will explain why I believe that grammars with discontinuous constituents are more appropriate for systems that analyze German sentences. This claim will be supported by a set of statistics computed from 10,000 utterances taken from the Verbmobil corpus (see (Wahlster, 1993) on Verbmobil). In German, complements and adjuncts of a head can be ordered relatively freely. For instance, with a ditransi-tive verb like geben (give), all six permutations of the complements are possible, provided context and intonation are appropriate. (1) a. Deshalb therefore gab gave der the Mann man der the Frau woman das the Buch. book 'Therefore the man gave the woman the book.' b. Deshalb gab der Mann das Buch der Frau. c. Deshalb gab das Buch der Mann der Frau. d. Deshalb gab das Buch der Frau der Mann. e. Deshalb gab der Frau der Mann das Buch. f. Deshalb gab der Frau das Buch der Mann. Verbs like kaufen (buy) take four arguments (see (Kunze, 1991)), and as Wegener (1985) argued convincingly, some of the so-called " free datives " have to be analyzed as complements as well. (2) Karl Karl kauft buys von from Hans Hans für for fünf five Mark Marks seiner his Frau wife ein a Buch. book 'Karl buys a book for his wife from Hans for five Marks.' In principle, all permutations of the five complements of kaufen are possible. For sentences with five complements the number of possible permutations is 5! 120. There are three possible verb positions in German sentences: verb first position (3a), verb second position (3b), and verb last position (3c). (3) a. Liebt loves der the Mann man die the Frau? woman 'Does the man love the woman?' b. Der Mann liebt die Frau. The man loves the woman.' c. weil der Mann die Frau liebt. 'because the man loves the …
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Continuous or Discontinuous Constituents?
Reape (1991) notes that it is possible to develop grammars based on the concept of discontinuous constituents which span every subset of an input string. The complexity of the paring problem for such grammars is at least exponential in both time and space. As Reape (1991, p. 62) has argued for the processing of grammars with discontinuous constituents and as Carroll (1994) has demonstrated for ...
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